United States v. Lemon’s Empirical Analysis
550 F.2d 467 · 1977
Citation profile
96 federal appellate · 5 district · 25 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 146 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2018 · most notably Farrow v. United States (1978), United States v. Delgadillo-Velasquez (1988)
96 federal appellate · 5 district · 25 state decisions — followed in 17 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 3006A (Criminal Justice Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 3164 (§ 101 of the Speedy Trial Act of 1974)
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Chapman v. State of California · Wong Sun v. United States · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · Barker v. Wingo
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 146 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(i)t is not in itself evidence of a testimonial or communicative nature.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“identified three alternate standards by which to review the performance of counsel: (1) whether counsel’s performance was “so poor and incompetent as to make the trial a farce or mockery of justice”; (2) “whether the circumstances show a denial of fundamental fairness”; and (3) whether there was a “lack of effective aid in the preparation and trial of the case — lack of counsel likely to render and rendering reasonably effective assistance.””
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[s]tatements taken in violation of Miranda may not be used to prove the prosecution's case at trial[,] [s]uch evidence may ... be used for other purposes, provided that its trustworthiness satisfies legal standards.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.