Bowring v. Godwin’s Empirical Analysis
551 F.2d 44 · 1977
Citation profile
65 federal appellate · 23 district · 16 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 214 later decisions — most recently November 2022 · most notably Ramos v. Lamm (1980), Spruill v. Gillis (2004)
65 federal appellate · 23 district · 16 state decisions — followed in 14 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Estelle v. Gamble · Wolff v. McDonnell · Williams v. People of State of New York · Pell v. Procunier · Trop v. Dulles
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 214 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A prison inmate] is entitled to psychological or psychiatric treatment if a physician or other health care provider, exercising ordinary skill and care at the time of observation, concludes with reasonable medical certainty (1) that the prisoner’s symptoms evidence a serious disease or injury; (2) that such disease or injury is curable or may be substantially alleviated; and (3) that the potential for harm to the prisoner by reason of delay or the denial of care would be substantial.”
14 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“no underlying distinction between the right to medical care for physical ills and its psychological or psychiatric counterpart.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“deliberate indifference to [a prisoner's] serious medical needs”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Lay v. Norris · State v. Bishop
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.