United States v. Himmelwright’s Empirical Analysis
551 F.2d 991 · 1977
Citation profile
104 federal appellate · 2 district · 13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 135 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2019 · most notably United States v. Sokolow (1989), United States v. Sheikh (1981)
104 federal appellate · 2 district · 13 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 952
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Carroll v. United States · Chimel v. California · United States v. Brignoni-Ponce · United States v. Martinez-Fuerte
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 135 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““[R]easonableness” in the fourth amendment sense always depends upon a balance which must be struck between, on the one hand, the level of official intrusion into an individual privacy and, on the other hand, the public interest to be served by such an intrusion.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“flexible enough to afford the full measure of protection which the fourth amendment commands.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“such stops and searches need not be grounded in any particularized and articulable suspicion”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.