United States v. Ward’s Empirical Analysis
552 F.2d 1080 · 1977
Citation profile
38 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 46 later decisions — most recently September 2005 · most notably United States v. Zannino (1990), United States v. Thevis (1982)
38 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 371
Relies on Glasser v. United States · United States v. Radio Television News Directors Ass'n · The Fisheries Products Company, Receivers of the Fisheries Products Company v. Abraham S. See & Depew, Inc. · De Tienne v. United States · Samuels v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 46 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(12) To be sure, Hardy may have considered it expedient to conjure up a story consistent with innocence. But we cannot ignore the fact that his statement is strongly corroborated by a number of factors which, we are convinced, supply “equivalent circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness.” Foremost among the corroborating factors is the testimony of the first two witnesses which clearly [corroborated the averred out-of-court declaration.] The reliability of Hardy’s statement was reinforced further by the investigation Agent Carr conducted following the interview. He found that all the details of Hardy’s statement, including the places he said he had been while en route, cheeked out, and nothing was uncovered to refute his version of the events. In sum, whatever measure of untrustworthiness we might give a self-serving statement in determining its admissibility under rule 804(b)(5), we conclude that under the circumstances of this case a sufficient demonstration of trustworthiness was made to satisfy the rule’s threshold requirement.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'it can be said that the prosecutor's manifest intention was to comment upon the accused's failure to testify (or) was . . . of such a character that the jury would naturally and necessarily take it to be a comment on the failure of the accused to testify.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“is more probative on the point for which it is offered than any other evidence which the proponent can procure through reasonable efforts.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.