Little v. Walker’s Empirical Analysis
552 F.2d 193 · 1977
Citation profile
68 federal appellate · 6 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 135 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2009 · most notably Farmer v. Brennan (1994), Ramos v. Lamm (1980)
68 federal appellate · 6 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Estelle v. Gamble · Haines v. Kerner · Monroe v. Pape · Pierson v. Ray · Wood v. Strickland
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 135 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““It has been both a settled and first principle of the Eighth Amendment . that penal measures are constitutionally repugnant if they ‘are incompatible with “the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society,” or [if they] “involve the unnecessary and unwanton infliction of pain.” ’ Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 , [ 97 S.Ct. 285 , 50 L.Ed.2d 251 ] (1976) [citations omitted] Violent attacks ... by inmates upon the plaintiff while in protective segregation are manifestly ‘inconsistent with contemporary standards of decency.’ Id. ‘Deliberate indifference’ to these happenings ‘constitutes the “unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain” proscribed by the Eighth Amendment.’ ””
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a prison official may not take solace in ostracism”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““[w]hile mere inadvertence or negligence cannot support a Section 1983 action raising Eighth Amendment issues, deliberate indifference, ‘[r]egardless of how evidenced] — either by actual intent or recklessness — will provide a sufficient foundation.””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.