United States v. Monroe’s Empirical Analysis
552 F.2d 860 · 1977
Citation profile
97 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 115 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2015 · most notably United States v. Shabani (1994), United States v. Kenny (1981)
97 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 812 (§ 202 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Benton v. Maryland · Pinkerton v. United States · Iannelli v. United States · Patterson v. United States · Blumenthal v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 115 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“To prove a conspiracy, the government must show 1) an agreement 2) to engage in criminal activity and 3) one or more overt acts in furtherance of the conspiracy. 'The prosecution need not show the agreement to have been explicit. An implicit agreement may be inferred from the facts and circumstances of the case.'”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“if there be concert of action, all the parties working together understandingly, with a single design for the accomplishment of a common purpose.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“committed in furtherance of the conspiracy; (2) the offense[s] fell within the scope of the unlawful project; and (3) the offense[s] could reasonably have been foreseen as a necessary or natural consequence of the unlawful agreement.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.