Combs v. Indyk’s Empirical Analysis
1982
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 8 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions — most recently February 2017 · most notably Solomon v. Klein (1985), Carpenters Health & Welfare Fund v. Kenneth R. Ambrose, Inc. (1983)
2 federal appellate · 8 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 1002 (§ 3 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) · 29 U.S.C. § 1132 (§ 502 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) · 29 U.S.C. § 1145 (§ 515 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) · 29 U.S.C. § 185 (§ 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 (Taft-Hartley Act))
Relies on Atkinson v. Sinclair Refining Co. · Weaver v. Marine Bank · Carpenters Health & Welfare Fund of Philadelphia & Vicinity v. Kenneth R. Ambrose, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“There is no indication that Congress intended to expose corporate officers to liability for their employers’ violations of ERISA; in fact, the exclusion of corporate officers from the extensive enumeration of persons points in the opposite direction.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage“it appears that insulation of corporate officers and agents from liability for section 301 violations was, in part, a basis for the parallel insulation of officers and members of local unions from liability for section 301 violations.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“an individual, partnership, joint venture, corporation, mutual company, ....”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.