Crenshaw v. Lister’s Empirical Analysis
556 F.3d 1283 · 2009
Citation profile
15 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 76 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably Feliciano v. City of Miami Beach (2013), Penley v. Eslinger (2010)
15 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1291 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Graham v. Connor · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Pearson v. Callahan · Bonner v. City of Prichard
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 76 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Because the test of reasonableness under the Fourth Amendment is not capable of precise definition or mechanical application, however, its proper application requires careful attention to the facts and circumstances of each particular case, including [1] the severity of the crime at issue, [2] whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and [3] whether he is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) the severity of the crime; (2) whether the individual poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others; (3) whether the individual actively resists or tries to evade arrest by flight; (4) -the need for force to be applied; (5) the amount of force applied in fight of the nature of the need; (6) the severity of the injury; and (7) whether officers applied force in good faith or rather did so maliciously and sadistically-”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“It is the law in this circuit that 'when the exhibits contradict the general and conclusory allegations of the pleading, the exhibits govern.’ ” Crenshaw v. Lister, 556 F.3d 1283, 1292 (11th Cir.2009) (per curiam) (citations omitted).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.