Dean v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
2009
Citation profile
152 federal appellate · 14 district · 33 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 356 later decisions (18 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2026 · most notably Elonis v. United States (2015), Cuomo v. Clearing House Ass'n, LLC (2009)
152 federal appellate · 14 district · 33 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1111 · 18 U.S.C. § 1951 (Hobbs Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 924
Relies on United States v. Booker · Koon v. United States · Morissette v. United States · Bailey v. United States · Russello v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 356 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[I]t is not unusual to punish individuals for the unintended consequences of their unlawful acts.”
16 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'[W]here Congress includes particular language in one section of a statute but omits it in another section of the same Act, it is generally presumed that Congress acts intentionally and purposely in the disparate inclusion or exclusion' "). More fundamentally, respondents' interpretation cannot be reconciled with the fact that the "100 or more persons”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[A]ny person who, during and in relation to any crime of violence ... uses or carries a firearm ... shall, in addition to the punishment provided for such crime of violence ...— (ii) if the firearm is brandished, be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 7 years; and (iii) if the firearm is discharged, be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 10 years.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.