Smith v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 56 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 59 later decisions — most recently March 2018 · most notably Irick v. United States (1989), Rivas v. United States (2001)
1 federal appellate · 56 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Florida v. Royer · United States v. Mendenhall · Sibron v. State of New York Peters · Dunaway v. New York
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 59 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[l]eaving a scene hastily may be inspired by innocent fear, or by a legitimate desire to avoid contact with the police. A citizen has as much prerogative to avoid the police as he does to avoid any other person, and his efforts to do so, without more, may not justify his detention.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Brown v. United States · In Re MIW“[T]he government would have us conclude that when a sufficiently high per centage of people in some neighborhoods may recognize [plainclothes] jump-out squads, an officer can rationally and reasonably conclude that one particular person has made such an identification ... [W]e reject this notion of locational taint whereby an individual's behavior is explained by reference to what others in that area or neighborhood may know....”). It is even less tenable when the burden is proof of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. . Officer Melby testified that it is”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent“(1) appellant was engaged in a conversation with two men who less than two minutes before had been the subjects of a radio run for a narcotics transaction; (2) no other persons were in the immediate area; (3) the experienced police officer was aware that narcotic sales are often made by several persons working as a team; (4) the neighborhood was a high narcotics trafficking area; and (5) appellant attempted to leave hurriedly when the officers suddenly appeared on the scene.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.