Espinal v. Goord’s Empirical Analysis
558 F.3d 119 · 2009
Citation profile
11 federal appellate · 13 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 123 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably Summa v. Hofstra University (2013), Johnson v. Rowley (2009)
11 federal appellate · 13 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Connecticut District Court)
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 636 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1997E
Relies on Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N. A. · Clark County School District v. Breeden · Jones v. Bock · Woodford v. Ngo · V. C O Churner
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 123 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he passage of only six months between the dismissal of Espinal's lawsuit and an allegedly retaliatory beating by officers ... is sufficient to support an inference of a causal connection); Summa v. Hofstra Univ. , 708 F.3d 115 , 128 (2d Cir. 2013) (”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“to exercise [their] judgment about the permissible inferences that can be drawn from temporal proximity in the context of particular cases.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[i]t is plausible that the officers waited to exact their retaliation at an opportune time”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.