Gaines v. Belding’s Empirical Analysis
1892
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 16 later decisions — most recently October 2010
3 federal appellate · 13 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Columbus & Western Railway Co. v. Bridges · Templeton v. Graves · Newman v. Stein · Sexton v. Brock
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 16 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Where the words spoken are actionable per se, prima facie the law implies malice, and the jury can award compensatory damages only; but cannot award exemplary or punitive damages without proof of express malice. * * * Express malice may be inferred from all the circumstances of the case, but it is not to be inferred from the facts alone that the words are false and injurious to the plaintiff, although an implication of malice arises from these facts that will warrant compensatory damages.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.