Choate v. Kimball’s Empirical Analysis
1892
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 1 district · 23 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 29 later decisions — most recently November 2003 · most notably Ozark v. Adams (1904), Bemis v. First National Bank (1897)
1 federal appellate · 1 district · 23 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Tifft v. . Horton · Wolford v. Baxter · Clore v. Lambert
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 29 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) Eeal or constructive annexation of the article in question to the realty. (2) Appropriation or adaptation to the use or purpose of that part of the realty with, which it is connected. (3) 'The intention of the party making the annexation to make the article a permanent accession to the freehold, this intention being inferred from the nature of the article affixed; the.relation and situation of the party making the annexation, and the policy of the law in relation thereto; structure and mode of the annexation and the purpose or use for which the annexation has been made.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage““The term ‘fixtures’ has reference to articles which, in and of themselves, and irrespective of annexation to land, are of a chattel nature, but by reason of such annexation have become a part of the land. The point of difficulty arises in determining when there has been such annexation of chattels as to make them a part of the land, or irremovable fixtures.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“of these three tests, the clear tendency of modern authority seems to be to give preeminence to the question of intention to make the articles a permanent accession to the freehold, and the others seem to derive their chief value as evidence of such intention.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.