United States v. Jackson’s Empirical Analysis
560 F.2d 112 · 1977
Citation profile
50 federal appellate · 2 district · 9 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 93 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2021 · most notably Sanabria v. United States (1978), United States v. Yousef (2003)
50 federal appellate · 2 district · 9 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 26 U.S.C. § 5861 (§ 201 of the Gun Control Act of 1968)
Relies on Pinkerton v. United States · Brown v. Ohio · Starnes v. Penrod Drilling Co. · Jones v. Nor-Tex Agencies, Inc. · Prince v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 93 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Attempt is a subtle concept that requires a rational and logically sound definition, one that enables society to punish malefactors who have unequivocally set out upon a criminal course without requiring law enforcement officers to delay until innocent bystanders are imperiled.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“(4) Renunciation of Criminal Purpose. When the actor’s conduct would otherwise constitute an attempt ..., it is an affirmative defense that he abandoned his effort to commit the crime ..., under circumstances manifesting a complete and voluntary renunciation of his criminal purpose.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[I]t is intended that the requirement of a substantial step will result in the imposition of attempt liability only in those instances in which some firmness of criminal purpose is shown. . .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.