Pepper v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
562 U.S. 476 · 2011
Citation profile
71 federal appellate · 17 district · 30 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 368 later decisions (58 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2025 · most notably Pepper v. United States (2011), Beckles v. United States (2017)
71 federal appellate · 17 district · 30 state decisions — followed in 18 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3551 (Mandatory Victims Restitution Act of 1996) · 18 U.S.C. § 3553 · 18 U.S.C. § 3558 · 18 U.S.C. § 3582 · 18 U.S.C. § 3624 · 18 U.S.C. § 3661 (Drug and Alcohol Dependent Offenders Treatment Act of 1986) · 18 U.S.C. § 3742 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on United States v. Booker · Apprendi v. New Jersey · Gall v. United States · Blakely v. Washington · North Carolina v. Pearce
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 368 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A] district court's 'original sentencing intent may be undermined by altering one portion of the calculus'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“evidence of postsentencing rehabilitation may be highly relevant to several of the § 3553(a) factors,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the starting point and the initial benchmark”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.