Commonwealth v. Polo’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

32 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “Traditionally, this Court has recognized three categories of encounters between citizens and the police. These categories include (1) a mere encounter, (2) an investigative detention, and (3) custodial detentions.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. In the Interest of D.M. · In Re DM

2. “an investigative detention since the purpose of the stop ... was for the purpose of conducting a drug interdiction investigation.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Commonwealth v. Smith

3. “the interruption of the normal activity of a commercial bus by removing it from the stream of traffic at a highway tollbooth”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. Commonwealth v. Smith