United States v. Lopez’s Empirical Analysis
564 F.2d 710 · 1977
Citation profile
45 federal appellate · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 62 later decisions — most recently August 2015 · most notably Ferris v. State (1999), United States v. Inocencio (1994)
45 federal appellate · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on United States v. Brignoni-Ponce · United States v. Martinez-Fuerte · Almeida-Sanchez v. United States · United States v. Ortiz · United States v. Barnard
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 62 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“put the officers in a classic 'heads I win, tails you lose' position and the driver, of course, can only lose.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“cannot weigh in the balance whatsoever.... Reasonable suspicion should not turn on the ophthalmological reactions of the [driver].”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“people who smuggle aliens tend to elevate their trunks in order to disguise the presence of a heavy load.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.