State v. Pinkham’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 2 district · 63 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 67 later decisions — most recently June 2024 · most notably United States v. King (1993), 136 Ohio App. 3d 46 - State v. Norman (1999)
2 federal appellate · 2 district · 63 state decisions — followed in 19 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Carroll v. United States · Delaware v. Prouse · Cady v. Dombrowski · State v. Harrison
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 67 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Because of the extensive regulation of motor vehicles and traffic, and also because of the frequency with which a vehicle can become disabled or involved in an accident on public highways, the extent of police-citizen contact involving automobiles will be substantially greater than police-citizen contact in a home or office. Some such contacts will occur because the officer may believe the operator has violated a criminal statute, but many more will not be of that nature. Local police officers, unlike federal officers, frequently investigate vehicle accidents in which there is no claim of criminal liability and engage in what, for want of a better term, may be described as community caretaking functions, totally divorced from the detection, investigation, or acquisition of evidence relating to the violation of a criminal statute.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage“Safety reasons alone can be sufficient if they are based upon ‘specific and articulable facts.’ ”); State v. Morrison, 2015 ME 153, ¶ 7 , 128 A.3d 1060 (affirming a stop where a defendant created a safety issue when,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“I cannot agree . . . that a possible future risk to the safety of persons or property warrants the intrusion of a present stop of a motor vehicle.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. State v. St. Martin
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.