Messerschmidt v. Millender’s Empirical Analysis
565 U.S. 535 · 2012
Citation profile
27 federal appellate · 13 district · 8 state decisions
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Illinois v. Gates · Anderson v. Creighton · United States v. Leon · Aguilar v. Texas
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 106 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“breathing room to make reasonable but mistaken judgments”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Harris v. Klare · Mara v. Rilling“The question ... is not whether the magistrate erred in believing there was sufficient probable cause .... It is instead whether the magistrate so obviously erred that any reasonable officer would have recognized the error.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Blake v. Lambert“the affidavit submitted in support of the warrant was 'so lacking in indicia of probable cause as to render official belief in its existence entirely unreasonable.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.