United States v. George’s Empirical Analysis
567 F.2d 643 · 1978
Citation profile
25 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 31 later decisions — most recently December 2015 · most notably United States v. Garcia (1982), United States v. Villalobos (1998)
25 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on United States v. Brignoni-Ponce · United States v. Barnard · United States v. Villarreal · United States v. Escamilla · United States v. Lopez
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 31 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“... [P]roximity to the border is not sufficient in itself to justify a roving stop. 'If the mere presence of a vehicle upon a public highway leading away from the border constitutes a sufficient ‘reason to believe’ the vehicle in fact came from the border, an untold number of innocent travelers are daily subject to inclusion in this dangerous category.’”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Sanchez v. State · Saenz v. State“The weight we accord the suspiciousness of George’s out-of-state plates is minute compared with the weight this Court accords a factor present in Frisbie but absent in this case. Frisbie was traveling in an apparent convoy of three vehicles. . Whatever the suspiciousness of an apparent convoy, it gives more cause for suspicion than the sight of a vehicle with Georgia plates near a national park in Texas.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.