United States v. Elders’s Empirical Analysis
569 F.2d 1020 · 1978
Citation profile
64 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 76 later decisions — most recently October 2016 · most notably United States v. Bolton (1995), United States v. Hedman (1980)
64 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Hamling v. United States · Stirone v. United States · Dunn v. United States · Desist v. United States · Gerry v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 76 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“commerce is affected when an enterprise, which either is actively engaged in interstate commerce or customarily purchases items in interstate commerce, has its assets depleted through extortion, thereby curtailing the victim's potential as a purchaser of such goods.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“... the effect still must be more than a speculative, attenuated 'one step removed' kind of effect.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“In each case, ... a nexus has been required between the extortionate conduct and interstate commerce in order to establish federal jurisdiction. That nexus may be de minimis, but it must nonetheless exist. Additionally, the connection with or effect on interstate commerce must have been at least a realistic probability at the time of the extortion.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.