United States v. White’s Empirical Analysis
569 F.2d 263 · 1978
Citation profile
119 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 139 later decisions — most recently May 2025 · most notably United States v. Elliott (1978), United States v. Michel (1979)
119 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 963
Relies on Fisher v. United States · Estelle v. Williams · Starnes v. Penrod Drilling Co. · Davis v. Alaska · Union Carbide Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 139 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“( T)here must be proof beyond a reasonable doubt that a conspiracy existed, that the accused knew it and, with that knowledge, voluntarily joined it.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'similarity of conduct among various persons and the fact that they have associated with or are related to each other' is insufficient to prove an agreement.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(p)roof of an agreement to enter into a conspiracy is not to be lightly inferred,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.