United States v. Wylie’s Empirical Analysis
569 F.2d 62 · 1978
Citation profile
62 federal appellate · 6 district · 52 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 130 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2013 · most notably Florida v. Royer (1983), United States v. Berry (1982)
62 federal appellate · 6 district · 52 state decisions — followed in 13 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Wong Sun v. United States · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · Carroll v. United States · Beck v. State of Ohio
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 130 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“. . . the crucial consideration is ... whether the person was “under a reasonable impression that he [was] not free to leave the officer’s presence.” We would only add that in determining whether such a reasonable impression existed, the test must be “ ‘what a reasonable man, innocent of any crime, would have thought had he been in the defendant’s shoes.’ ””
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Login v. State · State v. Frost“Only when the officer, by means of physical force or show of authority, has in some way restrained the liberty of a citizen may we conclude that a 'seizure' has occurred.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the citizen's 'freedom to walk away' is not limited by anything other than his desire to cooperate,”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.