United States v. Kitchen’s Empirical Analysis
57 F.3d 516 · 1995
Citation profile
69 federal appellate · 12 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 112 later decisions — most recently July 2025 · most notably United States v. Dhinsa (2001), United States of America v. Clarence Richardson Jr (2000)
69 federal appellate · 12 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Carnegie v. United States · Soberon v. United States · Needler v. Valley National Bank of Arizona · California State Board of Equalization v. Western Marina Corp. · Scharffe v. Perkins
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 112 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Constructive possession exists when a person does not have actual possession but instead knowingly has the power and the intention at a given time to exercise dominion and control over an object, either directly or through others.”
16 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[c]onstructive possession may be either sole or joint.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“as an element of the crime can be established despite the fact that the firearm was not in the immediate possession or control of the defendant”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.