Billings v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
57 F.3d 797 · 1995
Citation profile
20 federal appellate · 3 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 46 later decisions — most recently October 2018 · most notably Gutierrez de Martinez v. Drug Enforcement Administration (1997), Case v. Milewski (2003)
20 federal appellate · 3 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2671 · 28 U.S.C. § 2679 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics · United States v. Classic · Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Department · Sisson v. Ruby · Scott v. Rosenberg
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 46 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“prima facie evidence that a federal employee was acting in the scope of her employment at the time of the incident.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“disprov[e] the Attorney General's certification by a preponderance of the evidence.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“review[s] the relevant district court's findings of disputed fact for clear error”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.