Franceschi v. Schwartz’s Empirical Analysis
57 F.3d 828 · 1995
Citation profile
45 federal appellate · 3 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 126 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2023 · most notably Tennessee v. Lane (2004), Cahill v. Liberty Mutual Insurance (1996)
45 federal appellate · 3 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1988
Relies on City of Canton v. Harris · Stump v. Sparkman · Doerr v. Doerr · Martin v. Delaware · McCarty Ranch Trust v. Craig
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 126 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The Eleventh Amendment bars suits which seek either damages or injunctive relief against a state, an 'arm of the state,' its instrumentalities, or its agencies.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“assess the extent to which the entity `derives its power from the State and is ultimately regulated by the State.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.