57 Ill. 2d 493 - People v. Kessler’s Empirical Analysis

1974

Citation profile

144

cited by 144 later decisions

states following

March 2025

most recently cited

2 federal appellate · 138 state decisions

How this case has been cited

Cited by 144 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably 103 Ill. 2d 192 - People v. Jordan (1984), 99 Ill. 2d 508 - People v. Terry (1984)

2 federal appellate · 138 state decisions

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

Relationships

Relies on 16 Ill. 2d 394 - The People v. Rybka · 26 Ill. 2d 207 - The PEOPLE v. Washington · 41 Ill. 2d 390 - The PEOPLE v. Armstrong (Sumlin) · 55 Ill. 2d 142 - People v. Hubbard · 30 Ill. 2d 375 - The People v. Cole

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 144 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

““A person is legally accountable for the conduct of another when: * * * (c) Either before or during the commission of an offense, and with the intent to promote or facilitate such commission, he solicits, aids, abets, agrees or attempts to aid, such other person in the planning or commission of the offense.””
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
e.g. 168 Ill. App. 3d 295 - People v. Sanders · 94 Ill. 2d 245 - People v. Ruiz
“[T]he word `conduct' encompasses any criminal act done in furtherance of the planned and intended act.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
e.g. 229 Ill. 2d 285 - People v. Rodriguez · 91 Ill. 2d 260 - People v. Sangster
“where two or more persons engage in a common criminal design or agreement, any acts in the furtherance thereof committed by one party are considered to be the acts of all parties to the common design and all are equally responsible for the consequences of such further acts.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
e.g. Johnson v. Page · 99 Ill. 2d 508 - People v. Terry

How this case has been treated — in progress

Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.