Hayward v. Clay’s Empirical Analysis
573 F.2d 187 · 1978
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 1 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 30 later decisions — most recently January 2010 · most notably 103 Wash. 2d 663 - City of Seattle v. State (1985), City of Herriman v. Bell (2010)
8 federal appellate · 1 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Gomillion v. Lightfoot · Kramer v. Union Free School District No. 15 · Cipriano v. City of Houma · Hunter v. City of Pittsburgh · City of Phoenix v. Kolodziejski
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 30 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“once the right to vote is established, the equal protection clause [of the fourteenth amendment] requires that, in matters of general interest to the community, restriction of the franchise on grounds other than age, citizenship and residence can be tolerated only upon proof that it furthers a compelling state interest.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“restriction of the effective franchise to a property owning class--not the mechanics of accomplishing the restrictions--that offends the equal protection clause.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“South Carolina need not grant anyone the right to vote on annexation,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Berry v. Bourne · Muller v. Curran
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.