Armstead v. State’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

8 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 8 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. ““Now if you find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that on or about the 17th day of June, 1974 in Harris County, Texas, the defendant, HORACE GEORGE CULLUM, JR. did, without the effective consent of Norma Battle the owner, take and exercise control over the corporeal personal property of Norma Battle to-wit, money from the possession of Norma Battle with intent then and there to deprive Norma Battle of said money, and that said defendant, in so doing, and with intent to acquire and maintain control of said money intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly caused bodily injury to said owner or intentionally or knowingly threatened or placed said owner in fear of imminent bodily injury or death, and if you further find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that in so doing the foregoing acts, if you do so find, the defendant caused serious bodily injury to Norma Battle or defendant used or exhibited a deadly weapon, to-wit, a pistol then you will find defendant guilty of aggravated robbery as charged in the indictment.” (Emphasis supplied.)”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Cullum v. State

2. ““Robbery “(a) A person commits an offense if, in the course of committing theft as defined in Chap ter 31 of this code and with intent to obtain or maintain control of the property, he: “(1) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another; or “(2) intentionally or knowingly threatens or places another in fear of imminent bodily injury or death.””

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Cullum v. State