Downs v. Sawtelle’s Empirical Analysis
574 F.2d 1 · 1978
Citation profile
53 federal appellate · 18 district · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 112 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2019 · most notably Wyatt v. Cole (1992), Hooks v. Hooks (1985)
53 federal appellate · 18 district · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985
Relies on Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. · Scheuer v. Rhodes · Monroe v. Pape · Roe v. Wade · Paul v. Davis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 112 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““The essence of Burton which survives Jackson is that the relationship between the state and the private institution may be so intertwined that the state will be held responsible for conduct of the institution with which it had no direct connection.” Downs v. Sawtelle, 574 F.2d 1, 9 (1 Cir. 1978) (footnote omitted), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 910 , 99 S.Ct. 278 , 58 L.Ed.2d 255 (1978).”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(w)hatever factors of policy and fairness militate in favor of extending some immunity to private parties acting in concert with state officials were resolved by Congress in favor of those who claim a deprivation of constitutional rights.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[e]very person who, under color of any statute . . . of any State . . . subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen . . . to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws. . . .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.