United States v. Walker’s Empirical Analysis
575 F.2d 209 · 1978
Citation profile
33 federal appellate · 2 district · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 50 later decisions — most recently February 2024 · most notably United States v. Baker (1993), United States v. Frega (1999)
33 federal appellate · 2 district · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 10 · 18 U.S.C. § 1542 · 18 U.S.C. § 2314 · 18 U.S.C. § 661 · 18 U.S.C. § 7
Relies on United States v. Matlock · Frazier v. Cupp · United States v. Bayer · United States v. Calhoun · United States v. Dawson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 50 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““[T]he trial court faces a difficult task in attempting to respond to a jury’s communication. A trial judge is often reluctant to respond to questions in language similar to that used by the jury, particularly where inquiries are phrased as hypothetical cases or as questions requiring a categorical yes or no answer.... Because the jury may not enlist the court as its partner in the fact-finding process, the trial judge must proceed circumspectly in responding to inquiries from, the jury. The court may properly attempt to avoid intrusion on the jury’s deliberations by framing responses in terms of supplemental instructions rather than following precisely the form of question asked by the jury.””
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The ultimate question is 'whether the charge taken as a whole was such as to confuse or leave an erroneous impression in the minds of the jurors.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The term “interstate commerce” . includes commerce between one State, Territory, Possession, or the District of Columbia and another State, Territory, Possession, or the District of Columbia. The term “foreign commerce” . includes commerce with a foreign country.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.