Volume 575 — United States Reports

Direct Marketing Association v. Brohl, 575 U.S. 1 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a lawsuit by the Direct Marketing Association trade group about a Colorado law regarding reporting the state's tax requirements to customers and to the Colorado Department of Revenue is not barred by the Tax Injunction Act. While the case was reheard and found in favor of Colorado, the concurrence of Justice Anthony Kennedy provided a means for states to bring a challenge the ruling of Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, which has prevented states from collecting taxes from out-of-state vendors.

Alabama Department of Revenue v. CSX Transportation, Inc., 575 U.S. 21 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that railroads like CSX can compare their tax treatment to competing transportation companies under federal law. The Court sent the case back to a lower court to determine whether Alabama’s tax differences were justified.

Department of Transportation v. Association of American Railroads, 575 U.S. 43 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held "for purposes of determining the validity of the metrics and standards, Amtrak is a governmental entity."

Perez v. Mortgage Bankers Association, 575 U.S. 92 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the D.C. Circuit's Paralyzed Veterans doctrine is contrary to a clear reading of the Administrative Procedure Act and "improperly imposes on agencies an obligation beyond the Act's maximum procedural requirements."

B&B Hardware, Inc. v. Hargis Industries, Inc., 575 U.S. 138 (2014), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) adjudications of trademark infringement can preclude issues for district courts.

Omnicare, Inc. v. Laborers District Council Construction Industry Pension Fund, 575 U.S. 175 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that, under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of a security is not liable for a statement of opinion simply because the stated opinion ultimately proves incorrect. On the other hand, the issuer is liable for the omissions of material facts from a stated opinion where those facts conflict with what a reasonable investor would take from the statement.

Young v. United Parcel Service, 575 U.S. 206 (2015), is a United States Supreme Court case that the Court evaluated the requirements for bringing a disparate treatment claim under the Pregnancy Discrimination Act. In a 6–3 decision, the Court held that to bring such a claim, a pregnant employee must show that their employer refused to provide accommodations and that the employer later provided accommodations to other employees with similar restrictions. The Court then remanded the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit to determine whether the employer engaged in discrimination under this new test.

Alabama Legislative Black Caucus v. Alabama, 575 U.S. 254 (2015), was a U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned a previous decision by a federal district court upholding Alabama's 2012 redrawing of its electoral districts.

Decided March 30, 2015 After petitioner Grady served his sentence for a second sex offense, a state court ordered him to enroll in a satellite-based monitoring pro- gram as a recidivist sex offender. Held: The state courts' determination that a system of nonconsensual satellite-based monitoring does not entail a Fourth Amendment search is inconsistent with this Court's precedents. See Jones, 565 U. S., at 404, 406, n. 3; Flor ida v. Jardines, 569 U. S. 1, 5–6.

Decided March 30, 2015 Respondent Donald's counsel in his state-court trial for felony murder and armed robbery briefy left the courtroom during testimony concerning Donald's… Held: The Sixth Circuit should not have affrmed the Cronic-based grant of habeas relief in this case. Under the exacting standard of the Anti- terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the State Court of Appeals' decision was not contrary to any clearly established holding of this Court.

Armstrong v. Exceptional Child Center, Inc., 575 U.S. 320 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the Supremacy Clause does not confer a private right of action.

Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. 348 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case which analyzed whether police officers may extend the length of a traffic stop to conduct a search with a trained detection dog. In a 6–3 opinion, the Court held that officers may not extend the length of a traffic stop to conduct a dog sniff unrelated to the original purpose of the stop. However, the Court remanded the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit to determine whether the officer's extension of the traffic stop was independently justified by reasonable suspicion. Some analysts have suggested that the Court's decision to limit police authority was influenced by ongoing protests in Ferguson, Missouri.

Oneok, Inc. v. Learjet, Inc., 575 U.S. 373 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the Natural Gas Act does not preempt state-law antitrust claims against entities controlling natural-gas pipelines because the act does not occupy the field of controlling retail prices and curbing other unfair business practices.

United States v. Kwai Fun Wong, 575 U.S. 402 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the statutes of limitations within the Federal Tort Claims Act are subject to equitable tolling because they have not been expressly tagged by Congress as jurisdictional.

Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar, 575 U.S. 433 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the First Amendment did not prohibit states from barring judges and judicial candidates from personally soliciting funds for their election campaigns since that specific restriction on candidate's speech was deemed to be narrowly tailored to serve the compelling interest of keeping the judiciary impartial. It is a rare instance of a government regulation passing strict scrutiny. At issue in the case was a Florida law which barred judges from personally soliciting campaign funds. However, judges could still set up a committee in order to raise campaign funds.

Mach Mining, LLC v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 575 U.S. 480 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission can submit a sworn affidavit to show that it has completed the required conciliation process before suing for employment discrimination. An employer can challenge this affidavit with concrete evidence that the EEOC did not engage in conciliation in good faith, and a court can review that factual dispute.

Bullard v. Blue Hills Bank, 575 U.S. 496 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that an order from a bankruptcy court denying a debtor's confirmation of a proposed repayment cannot be immediately appealed, as it is not a final order. The decision, in favor of Blue Hills Bank, was unanimous.

Individual debtors may seek discharge of their fnancial obligations under either Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code. Held: A debtor who converts to Chapter 7 is entitled to return of any postpetition wages not yet distributed by the Chapter 13 trustee. Pp. 516–522. (a) Absent a bad-faith conversion, § 348(f) limits a converted Chapter 7 estate to property belonging to the debtor “as of the date” the original Chapter 13 petition was fled.

Tibble v. Edison International, 575 U.S. 523 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that "because a fiduciary normally has a continuing duty to monitor investments and remove imprudent ones, a plaintiff may allege that a fiduciary breached a duty of prudence by failing to properly monitor investments and remove imprudent ones. Such a claim is timely as long it is filed within six years of the alleged breach of continuing duty."

Coleman v. Tollefson, 575 U.S. 532 (2015), is a United States Supreme Court case dealing with a prisoner's inability to file lawsuits in forma pauperis after filing 3 lawsuits which are dismissed because they are "frivolous, malicious, or [fail] to state a claim upon which relief may be granted."

Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne, 575 U.S. 542 (2015), is a 2015 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court held that a state income-tax scheme that taxes residents for in-state and out-of-state income violates the Dormant Commerce Clause when it does not provide residents with full credit for the income taxes they pay to other states.

City and County of San Francisco v. Sheehan, 575 U.S. 600 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that police officers who entered the home of a mentally-ill woman and shot her were entitled to qualified immunity because there was no clearly established law requiring them to accommodate mental illness.

Henderson v. United States, 575 U.S. 622 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held a court-ordered transfer of a felon's lawfully owned firearms from government custody to a third party is not barred by §922(g) if the court is satisfied that the recipient will not give the felon control over the firearms, so that he could either use them or direct their use.

Commil USA, LLC v. Cisco Systems, Inc., 135 S.Ct. 1920 (2015), was a 2015 decision by the United States Supreme Court pertaining to the standard for induced patent infringement. Writing for a 6-2 majority, Justice Anthony Kennedy held that (1) a claim of induced infringement requires a showing that the defendant knew that it is engaging in infringing conduct and (2) a defendant's belief that a patent is invalid is not a defense to a claim of induced infringement. Justice Antonin Scalia dissented from the second point, arguing that, in his view, a good faith belief in a patent's invalidity should constitute a defense to a charge of induced infringement.

Kellogg Brown & Root Services, Inc. v. United States ex rel. Carter, 575 U.S. 650 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court involving KBR and a former KRB contractor, Benjamin Carter. In a unanimous opinion written by Associate Justice Samuel Alito, the Court held that Wartime Suspension of Limitations Act only applies to criminal offenses. The Court also held that qui tam lawsuits filed under the False Claims Act are no longer considered "pending" after they have been dismissed.

Wellness International Network, Ltd. v. Sharif, 575 U.S. 665 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that bankruptcy courts may adjudicate Stern claims with the parties' knowing and voluntary consent.

Elonis v. United States, 575 U.S. 723 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case concerning whether conviction of threatening another person over interstate lines (under 18 U.S.C. § 875(c)) requires proof of subjective intent to threaten or whether it is enough to show that a "reasonable person" would regard the statement as threatening. In controversy were the purported threats of violent rap lyrics written by Anthony Douglas Elonis and posted to Facebook under a pseudonym. The ACLU filed an amicus brief in support of the petitioner. It was the first time the Court has heard a case considering true threats and the limits of speech on social media.

Respondent (Abercrombie) refused to hire Samantha Elauf, a practicing Muslim, because the headscarf that she wore pursuant to her religious obligations conficted with Abercrombie's employee dress… Held: To prevail in a disparate-treatment claim, an applicant need show only that his need for an accommodation was a motivating factor in the employer's decision, not that the employer had knowledge of his need.

Bank of America, N.A. v. Caulkett, 575 U.S. 790 (2015), is a bankruptcy law case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States on June 1, 2015. In Caulkett, the Court held that 11 U.S.C. § 506(d) does not permit a Chapter 7 debtor to void a junior mortgage on the debtor's property when the amount of the debt secured by the senior mortgage on that property exceeds the property's current market value.

Mellouli v. Lynch, 575 U.S. 798 (2015) is a Supreme Court of the United States ruling which reversed the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit on the matter of whether Tunisian national Moones Mellouli should be deported after being convicted for driving under the influence.

Held: Petitioners are entitled to qualifed immunity because they did not contravene clearly establish law. No decision of this Court establishes a right to the proper implementation of adequate suicide prevention protocols. The weight of authority among the courts of appeals—to the extent that consensus in those courts may clearly establish a right— suggests that the right at issue did not exist.