United States v. Cox’s Empirical Analysis
577 F.3d 833 · 2009
Citation profile
10 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 22 later decisions — most recently July 2023
10 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1028A · 18 U.S.C. § 1029 · 18 U.S.C. § 2252 · 18 U.S.C. § 2421 (White-Slave Traffic Act of 1910 (Mann Act)) · 18 U.S.C. § 2422 (White-Slave Traffic Act of 1910 (Mann Act)) · 18 U.S.C. § 2423 (White-Slave Traffic Act of 1910 (Mann Act)) · 21 U.S.C. § 861 (§ 420 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc. · Flores-Figueroa v. United States · United States v. Ceballos · United States v. Frazier · United States v. Griffith
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 22 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A person who knowingly transports an individual who has not attained the age of 18 years in interstate or foreign commerce, ... with intent that the individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, shall be fined under this title and imprisoned not less than 10 years or for life.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“is not a factor that distinguishes criminal behavior from innocent conduct, but rather serves to justify a harsher penalty when a victim is underage”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Whoever knowingly transports any individual in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, with intent that such individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.