¶1delivered the opinion of the Court:
¶2The parties to this suit wagered one hundred dollars each, upon the result of the presidential election in Pennsylvania, in 1864.
¶3The money was deposited with a stakeholder, and after the election was paid to appellant.
¶4Appellee brought suit to recover it back, alleging that it was paid in consequence of false representations.
¶5There is no proof of fraud or improper means used, to obtain possession of the money.
¶6If the wager was void, it can not be recovered.
¶7. This court decided, in Morgan v. Pettit, 3 Scam. 529, that a wager between two citizens of this State, upon the result of an election in the State of Kentucky, was not illegal. To the same effect is the case of Smith v. Smith, 21 Ill. 244.
¶8The reason given by the court for the decision in 3 Scam. is, “that the bet was made between citizens of this State, residing out of the State where the election is to transpire, and under such circumstances as preclude them from exercising any dangerous or controlling influence over the result.”
¶9In the case under consideration, the wager was made a month or two prior to the election.
¶10By our system of railroads and telegraphs, an extensive country has been brought closely together. A rapid passage, by the power of steam, makes Pennsylvania and Illinois near neighbors. Hence, if the inducements exist, the citizens of one State can almost as easily control the result of an election in one State as in another.
¶11But we propose to take a broader view of the question involved. We assume that the wager between the parties, was against sound policy and the best interests of the whole country. A presidential election rouses the public mind, and excites more attention than all of our elections. Every man is deeply concerned as to the result. The very existence of our system of government may depend upon it. Whether the wager be upon the result in one State or another, the feelings are alike enlisted, the action of the parties alike prompted by an interest in the hazard.
¶12Courts of justice should not encourage such wagers, by affording aid to either party. The law ought not to sanction gambling upon the result of popular elections. They should be free and pure. The elector should not be influenced by any hope of gain or fear of loss. In Vischer v. Yates, 11 Johns. 21, Chief Justice Kent lays down the following principle, vdiich we adopt: “When ive consider the importance of popular elections to the constitution and liberties of this country, and that the value of the right depends upon the independence, moderation, discretion and purity with which it is exercised, we can not but cherish a decision which declares gambling upon such elections to bd illegal, as being founded in the clearest and most incontestable principles of public policy.”
¶13The presidential election occurs on the same day in every State in the Union. The issue is of general concern. Each citizen, in each State, has a common interest in the maintenance of free government and constitutional liberty. The wager is equally immoral, is equally pernicious in its influence, whether upon the result in the State in which the parties reside, or in a different one.
¶14In one of the cases cited in 3 Scam. supra, (Allen v. Hearne, 1 Term, 56,) the wager was between two voters, as to the event of an election of a member of parliament, before the opening of the poll. It was decided to be illegal, upon the ground that it ivas corrupt and against the fundamental principles of the British Constitution; and that it was a gambling contract and of dangerous tendency.
¶15Among us, where the whole power of the government is returned periodically to the people, the elective franchise should be preserved from all corrupting influences.
¶16The majority of the court hold, that the wager in this case was against public policy, and void.
¶17We also hold, that it would be against probity and conscience to allow appellee to recover it back.
¶18The cases referred to, and all others in conflict with this opinion, are overruled.
¶19The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.
¶20Judgment reversed.