580 So. 2d 11 - Stephens v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1990
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 72 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 75 later decisions — most recently May 2014 · most notably State v. Hinton (1993), Dill v. State (1991)
1 federal appellate · 72 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Batson v. Kentucky · Foy v. Northeast Suburban Life · Swansboro Country, Inc. v. Lumberman's Mortgage Co. · Kemmler · United States v. Robinson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 75 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[C]ircumstantial evidence is entitled to the same weight as direct evidence, provided it points to the guilt of the accused.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Houston v. State · Waldrop v. State“can . . . constitute a sufficiently race-neutral reason for the exercise of a peremptory challenge.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Zumbado v. State · Jackson v. State“" '. . . "[I]t must be examined in its context and in light of what had transpired, that is, in light of preceding argument of defense counsel, to which the prosecutor's argument was an answer." Washington v. State , 259 Ala. 104 , 65 So.2d 704 (1953); Gibson v. State , 347 So.2d 576 (Ala.Crim.App. 1977); Rutledge v. State [ 482 So.2d 1250 ] [Ms. 5 Div. 610 , August 16, 1983] (Ala.Crim.App. 1983). The rule in Alabama is that "remarks or comments of the prosecuting attorney, including those which might otherwise be improper, are not grounds for reversal when they are invited, provoked, or occasioned by accused's counsel and are in reply to or retaliation for his acts and statements." Shewbart v. State , 33 Ala. App. 195 , 32 So.2d 241 , cert. denied, 249 Ala. 572 , 32 So.2d 244 (1947); Camper v. State , 384 So.2d 637 (Ala.Cr.App. 1980); Wilder v. State , 401 So.2d 167 (Ala. 1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1057 , 102 S.Ct. 606 , 70 L.Ed.2d 595 (1981); Miller v. State , 431 So.2d 586 (Ala.Crim.App. 1983); Rutledge , supra.' "”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.