United States v. Fitzpatrick’s Empirical Analysis
581 F.2d 1221 · 1978
Citation profile
51 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 58 later decisions — most recently January 2019 · most notably United States v. Davis (1996), United States v. Lopez (1993)
51 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on Burks v. United States · United States v. Rowan · United States v. Bosch · Bearden v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 58 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“a jury can reasonably infer that an institution was federally insured on the date of a robbery if it is presented with evidence showing that the institution was insured both prior to that date and recently thereafter.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“proof of the insured status ... was an essential element of the crime charged, and indeed had to be proved in order to establish federal jurisdiction.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“THE GRAND JURY CHARGES: On or about the 26th day of May, 1978, in Chatham County, within the Southern District of Georgia, SAMUEL SHEPPARD MIDDLETON and ERROL RICARDO BIZZARD, whose other and further names are to the Grand Jury unknown, by force and violence and by intimidation, aided and abetted by each other, did take from the person and presence of Ernestine Bowens and Linda Faulkner Jackson about $10,160.53 in money belonging to and in the care, custody, control, management and possession of the Trust Company Bank of Savannah, 2505 Abercorn Street, Savannah, Georgia, the deposits of which were then insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and SAMUEL SHEPPARD MIDDLETON and ERROL RICARDO BIZZARD, in committing the aforesaid offense, did put in jeopardy the life of the said Ernestine Bowens and Linda Faulkner Jackson by means and use of a dangerous weapon, that is, a pistol; said act done in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 2113(a), (d); and Title 18, United States Code, Section 2.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.