United States v. Dubrofsky’s Empirical Analysis
581 F.2d 208 · 1978
Citation profile
109 federal appellate · 3 district · 17 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 147 later decisions — most recently August 2013 · most notably United States v. Angulo-Lopez (1986), United States v. Yarbrough (1988)
109 federal appellate · 3 district · 17 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 952
Relies on Katz v. United States · United States v. Ventresca · United States v. Matlock · Stoner v. California · Marron v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 147 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A] warrant may be upheld when the nexus between the items to be seized and the place to be searched rests not upon direct observation, but on the type of crime, nature of the items, and normal inferences where a criminal would likely hide contraband.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Permissible techniques of surveillance include more than just the five senses of officers and their unaided physical abilities. Binoculars, dogs that track and sniff out contraband, search-lights, fluorescent powders, automobiles and airplanes, burglar alarms, radar devices, and bait money contribute to surveillance without violation of the Fourth Amendment in the usual case.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a] party who has a key to the premises and access throughout the residence can also give a valid consent to search.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.