Ingram v. Kumar’s Empirical Analysis
585 F.2d 566 · 1978
Citation profile
38 federal appellate · 12 district · 20 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 113 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2019 · most notably Walker v. Armco Steel Corp. (1980), Schiavone v. Fortune (1986)
38 federal appellate · 12 district · 20 state decisions — followed in 12 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Hanna v. Plumer · United States v. Radio Television News Directors Ass'n · Ragan v. Merchants Transfer & WareHouse Co. · Union Carbide Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board · Gulf Oil Corp. v. Copp Paving Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 113 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“An amendment changing the party against whom a claim is asserted relates back if the foregoing provision is satisfied and, within the period provided by law for commencing the action against him, the party to be brought in by amendment (1) has received such notice of the institution of the action that he will not be prejudiced in maintaining his defense on the merits, and (2) knew or should have known that, but for a mistake concerning the identity of the proper party, the action would have been brought against him.”
17 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“"Although on its face the phrase, 'within the period provided by law for commene-ing the action against him,' seems to mean the applicable statute of limitations period, such a literal interpretation is unjustified in jurisdictions where timely service of process can be effected after the statute of limitations has run. In those jurisdictions, even an accurately named defendant may not receive actual notice of the action against him prior to the running of the statute of limitations. Yet there is no doubt that the action against him is timely commenced. There is no reason why a misnamed defendant is entitled to earlier notice than he would have received had the complaint named him correctly."”
15 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Rule 15(c) is amplified to state more clearly when an amendment of a pleading changing the party against whom a claim is asserted (including an amendment to correct a misnomer or misdescription of a defendant) shall ‘relate back’ to the date of the original pleading.” (Emphasis added)”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.