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← 586 U.S. 45 - Shoop v. Hill

Shoop v. Hill’s Empirical Analysis

2019

Citation profile

36
cited by 36 later decisions
1
states following
April 2025
most recently cited

15 federal appellate · 1 state decisions

Appellate journey

reviewedHill v. Anderson (from Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals)

Relationships

Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)

Relies on Atkins v. Virginia · Harrington v. Richter · McNeill v. United States · Ford v. Wainwright · Harrington v. Richter

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 36 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

  1. “Atkins did not definitively resolve how [the adaptive functioning prong] was to be evaluated but instead left its application in the first instance to the State.”
    2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
  2. “Atkins gave no comprehensive definition of 'mental retardation' for Eighth Amendment purposes.”
    2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
  3. “clearly established at the time of the [state] adjudication.”
    2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority

How this case has been treated — in progress

Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.