United States v. Winkle’s Empirical Analysis
587 F.2d 705 · 1979
Citation profile
94 federal appellate · 2 district · 21 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 147 later decisions — most recently December 2020 · most notably Hobson v. Wilson (1984), United States v. Akpan (2005)
94 federal appellate · 2 district · 21 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Starnes v. Penrod Drilling Co. · Remmer v. United States · Dennis v. United States · Geders v. United States · Jones v. Nor-Tex Agencies, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 147 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the substance of the evidence was made known to the court by offer or was apparent from the context within which questions were asked.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“this circuit will not even consider the propriety of the decision to exclude the evidence at issue, if no offer of proof was made at trial.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“must show in some fashion the substance of the proposed testimony.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.