Cleveland v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
96 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 96 later decisions — most recently July 2018 · most notably 634 So. 2d 607 - Novaton v. State (1994), 621 So. 2d 723 - Sanders v. State (1993)
96 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on 515 So. 2d 161 - Carawan v. State · Hall v. State · State v. Gibson · Perez v. State · 559 So. 2d 410 - Graham v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 96 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[W]hen a robbery conviction is enhanced because of the use of a firearm in committing the robbery, the single act involving the use of the same firearm in the commission of the same robbery cannot form the basis of a separate conviction and sentence ... (emphasis added).”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“In Hall v. State, 517 So.2d 678 (Fla. 1988), we ruled that the imposition of convictions for both robbery with a firearm and the display of a firearm during a criminal offense was improper when the convictions arose out of a single act. Our rationale in Hall was predicated in large part on Carawan v. State, 515 So.2d 161 (Fla.1987). The special concurring opinion in the decision under review and the state both contend that the legislature's enactment of the 1988 amendment to section 775.021(4) of the Florida Statutes repudiated the rationale supporting Carawan . They further contend that because the Hall decision utilized the Carawan holding, Hall is no longer valid and we should return to State v. Gibson, 452 So.2d 553 (Fla. 1984), in which similar dual convictions were permitted. We disagree and hold that Hall still controls. It should be noted that Cleveland's attempted robbery conviction was enhanced from a second-degree felony to a first-degree felony because of the use of the firearm. Upon this enhancement Cleveland was punished for all the elements contained in section 790.07(2) and appropriately sentenced.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Law v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.