589 So. 2d 933 - Lowder v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
44 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions — most recently February 2019 · most notably 751 So. 2d 537 - Goodwin v. State (1999), Dean v. State (1997)
44 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on 491 So. 2d 1129 - State v. DiGuilio · Dorsey v. State · Mills v. Ball · United States v. Ginsberg · Loftin v. Wilson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“every defendant has the right to be tried based on the evidence against him, not on the characteristics or conduct of certain classes of criminals in general.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Thomas v. State · Neal v. State““The jury is asked to infer that because defendant’s behavior was similar to the behavior of other drug dealers that the officer had previously arrested or observed, defendant must likewise be guilty. The only purpose of testimony regarding criminal behavior patterns ‘is to place prejudicial and misleading inferences in front of the jury.’ The prejudicial effect is compounded because the defendant is deprived of any meaningful ability to cross-examine concerning the officer’s prior experience to determine whether the other cases are in fact similar.””
3 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Denmark v. State · Neal v. State“Further, defendant's possession of cash was nonexpert evidence the jury was free to consider, along with the other competent evidence such as the amount, condition, sources, and given reasons for carrying the currency, in common sense resolution of the disputed issue.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Brown v. State · Ezell v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.