State v. Heitman’s Empirical Analysis
1979
Citation profile
33 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions — most recently December 2011 · most notably State v. Tokar (1996), State v. White (1981)
33 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Carroll v. United States · Brinegar v. United States · Chimel v. California · Beck v. State of Ohio · Draper v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“An arrest with or without a warrant requires probable cause, which simply means a knowledge of facts and circumstances sufficient for a prudent person to believe the suspect is committing or has committed an offense. Beck v. Ohio, 379 U.S. 89, 91 , 85 S.Ct. 223 [225], 13 L.Ed.2d 142 (1964); State v. Robinson, 484 S.W.2d 186, 189 (Mo.1972). ... While the quantum of information necessary to fashion probable cause means more than mere suspicion, Henry v. United States, 361 U.S. 98, 102 , 80 S.Ct. 168 [171], 4 L.Ed.2d 134 (1959); State v. Hicks, 515 S.W.2d 518, 521 (Mo.1974), its existence must be determined by practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable persons act and not the hindsight of legal technicians. Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160, 175 , 69 S.Ct. 1302 [1310], 93 L.Ed. 1879 (1949); State v. Wiley, 522 S.W.2d 281, 287 (Mo. banc 1975). All information known to the officers and the reasonable inferences therefrom bear on the determination of that issue.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Dixon“An arrest, with or without a warrant requires probable cause, which simply means a knowledge of facts and circumstances sufficient for a prudent person to believe the suspect is committing or has committed an offense ... While the quantum of information necessary to fashion probable cause means more than mere suspicion, existence must be determined by practical considerations of ever-day life on which reasonable persons act and not the hindsight of legal technicians. All information known to the officers and the reasonable inferences therefrom bear on this determination of that issue.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Young
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.