United States v. Johnson’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

7 federal appellate · 3 district · 2 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 38 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “(1) [whether] the information was provided to the police in a face-to-face interaction, allowing an officer to assess directly the informant’s credibility; (2) [whether] the informant can be held responsible if her allegations are untrue; (3) [whether] the information would not be available to the ordinary observer; (4) [whether] the informant has recently witnessed the criminal activity at issue; and (5) [whether] the witness’s information accurately predicts future activity.”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. 598 F. App'x 72 - United States v. Luis Serrano · 548 F. App'x 832 - United States v. Willie Elmore

2. “[n]or does placing a suspect in handcuffs while securing a location or conducting an investigation automatically transform an otherwise-valid Terry stop into a full-blown arrest.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. United States v. Foster · United States v. Torres

3. “When an officer is justified in believing that the individual whose suspicious behavior he is investigating ... is armed and presently dangerous to the officer or to others, it would ... be clearly unreasonable to deny the officer the power to take necessary measures to determine whether the person is in fact carrying a weapon and to neutralize the threat of physical harm.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. 2 F. Supp. 3d 635 - Briscoe v. Jackson