LeDuc v. State’s Empirical Analysis

1980

Citation profile

cited by 33 later decisions

states following

September 2000

most recently cited

33 state decisions

How this case has been cited

Cited by 33 later decisions — most recently September 2000 · most notably Hawkins v. State (1983), Russell v. State (1983)

33 state decisions

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

Relationships

Relies on Cumbie v. State · Pitts v. State · Ransonette v. State · Parr v. State · McCuin v. State

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

““MR. RAMON: Yes, Your Honor. The Defendant again would object because the Charge in this case fails to apply the law of parties to the facts in the case. We would request that the Court substitute Paragraph III on Page 1, omit it, and substitute the following instruction, which we would like to dictate at this time. ‘Now, if you find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt, that on or about the 23rd day of September, 1983, in Hidalgo County, Texas, the Defendant, Ruben Garcia Reyes, either acting alone, or by soliciting, encouraging, directing, aiding, or attempting to aid, Roel Reyes, did intentionally or knowingly, cause the death of an individual, Francisco Bias Luna, by shooting him with a firearm, as set forth in the indictment, then you will find the Defendant, Ruben Garcia Reyes, guilty of murder, as charged in the indictment.’ We feel, Your Honor, that this particular charge that was dictated, properly applies the law of parties to the offense of murder, and that it should be granted, and we ask for a ruling of the Court at this time.” [Emphasis ours.]”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage
e.g. Reyes v. State · Campbell v. State
““3. All persons are parties to an offense who are guilty of acting together in the commission of an offense. A person is criminally responsible as a party to an offense if the offense is committed by his own conduct, by the conduct of another for which he is criminally responsible, or by both. A person is criminally responsible for an offense committed by the conduct of another if, acting with intent to promote or assist the commission of the offense, he solicits, encourages, directs, aids or attempts to aid the other person to commit the offense. In this connection, however, the mere presence of a party at or near the scene of the commission of the offense does not make him a party to the offense. Likewise, mere knowledge that an offense is about to be committed by others will not make him a party to the offense, nor will his knowledge that the offense is being committed by others, or has been committed by others, nor will his failure to give alarm, his silence or inaction, make him a party to the offense. 4. Now if you find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that on or about the 22nd day of November, 1979, in Cameron County, Texas, the Defendant, Edward King, acting together with Lawrence Knowlton, and as a party to the offense, as I have defined that term for you, did intentionally and knowingly cause the death of Matt Copeland Mattson by shooting him with a gun as alleged in the information, then you will find the Defendant guilty of murder. Unless yo”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
e.g. Tate v. State · King v. State
“It is a defense to prosecution that the Defendant through mistake formed a reasonable belief about a matter of fact if that mistaken belief negated the kind of culpability required for commission of the offense charged. A “reasonable belief” means a belief that would be held by an ordinary and prudent person in the same circumstances as the Defendant. So, if you find and believe from the evidence in this case that at the time the Defendant, CARL DAVID WILLIAMSON, entered, if he did, the habitation of Eleobardo DeLeon, the owner thereof, if he was, on the 2nd day of January, 1985, the Defendant through mistake acted under reasonable belief, if any, that he could enter said habitation, or if you have a reasonable doubt thereof, you will acquit the Defendant, CARL DAVID WILLIAMSON, and say by your verdict not guilty.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
e.g. Reyes v. State · Williamson v. State

How this case has been treated — in progress

Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.