majority">McFARLAND, J.

This is a contest for letters of administration of the estate of William Goodman, deceased, between Georgina Gamer, a niece of defendant, and A. R. Judd, who claims under a written request of one Maggie Goodman-Phillips, an illegitimate daughter of decedent. Judgment *676went for Gamer, and from the judgment and an order denying a motion for a new trial Judd appealed.

The only question in the case is whether or not the said Maggie was adopted and rendered legitimate under the provisions of section 230 of the Civil Code, which is as follows: The father of an illegitimate child, by publicly acknowledging it as his own, receiving it as such, with the consent of his wife if he is married, into his family, and otherwise treating it as if it were a legitimate child, thereby adopts it as such; and such a child is thereupon deemed for all purposes legitimate from the time of its birth. The foregoing provisions of this chapter do not appfy to such an adoption.” Maggie was the illegitimate daughter of an Indian woman named Mary; and the court found that at the time of her birth, in 1878, and from 1874 to 1879, the decedent, Goodman, had a family, and was living with his family, and with another Indian woman, named Annie, as his wife; that he acknowledged Maggie as his child, “but he did not receive her as such into his family, or otherwise treat her as if she was a legitimate child during her minority. ” It is quite clear that the evidence supports the finding that “he did not receive her as such into his family” during her minority, and, this being so, the judgment must be affirmed. Section 230 applies only to minors: In re Pico’s Estate, 52 Cal. 84. It is contended that the findings that Goodman had a family and lived with Annie as his wife are unwarranted by the evidence, but we need not inquire into the correctness of these findings. If he had a family, then he must have received Maggie into it, in order to adopt her under section 230. If he had no family, then the section had no application to the case. If he had no family, of course, he did not take her into it, and therefore did not comply with the section in question. Whether or not an unmarried man can establish a family, within the meaning of the code, by taking an illegitimate child to live with him in a home provided for that purpose, is a question not here involved. If a man who has no family, and makes no attempt to have one, desires to adopt an illegitimate child, he can do so by a written acknowledgment under section 1387 of the Civil Code, and not otherwise. There can be no compliance with section 230 in the absence of the conditions contemplated by that section, and absolutely necessary to give it effect. There is nothing contrary to this conclusion decided *677in Blythe v. Ayers, 96 Cal. 552, 19 L. R. A. 40, 31 Pac. 915. The part of the opinion in that case relied on by appellant was concurred in by only three of the judges participating in the decision, and was dissented from by the others, and the judgment was affirmed by the court upon the ground that there had been a compliance with section 1387. In Re Jessup’s Estate, 81 Cal. 408, 6 L. R. A. 594, 21 Pac. 976, 22 Pac. 742, 1028, there is an expression favorable to appellant’s contention in an opinion concurred in by four of the justices; but that expression was entirely unnecessary to the decision of the case, and one of the four justices afterward expressed the opinion that it was erroneous. It cannot, therefore, be taken as authority on the question: See Blythe v. Ayres. 96 Cal. 593, 19 L. R. A. 40, 31 Pac. 915. The judgment and order appealed from are affirmed.

We concur: Temple, J.; Henshaw, J.

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