804
FEDERAL REPORTEr.. SINGER MANUF'G CO. 'V.
HESTER and others.
(Oircuit Oourt, W. D. Mi88ouri, W. D. --,1881J
1.
SEWING MACHINE AGENT'S BONDS-CONSTRUCTION OJ!' CONTEMPORANEOUS WRITINGS.
Where there is nothing in the bond or the contract of agency to show that the two instruments were to be taken as part of the same transaction, and both instruments can stand together and have full effect, parol proof cannot be introduced to limit the liabilities of the sureties in the bonds to tranflactions growing out of the agent's em· ployment under the particular contract alone. 2. RELEASE OF BOND BY AGENT.
The expression of opinion by aLn of the plaintiffs that the execution of a new agreement between the principal and agent, by which the character of the employment was changed, released the sureties, did not amount to a contract of release, in the absence of au,)' aut-hority to make such a contract.
Submitted upon Motion for New Trial. Action was brought upon a bond executed by defendants to plaintiff in the penal sum of $2,000, dated the fifteenth of May, 1872, and conditioned as follows: "The condition of the above obligation is such that if the above.bounden Joel Hester, Levi Oren, M. Saville, andZimri Hester, their heirs, executors, or administrators, shall well and truly pay, or cause' to be paid, every indebtedness or liability now existing, or which may hereafter in any manner exist, or be incurred, on the part of said Joel Hester to the said Singer Manufacturing Company, whether such indebtedness or liability shall exist in the shape of book-accounts, notes, renewals, or extension of notes or accounts, acceptances, indorsements, or otherwise, (hereby waiving presentments for payment, notice of non-payment, protest and notice of protest, and diligence upon all notes now or hereafter indorsed, transferred, guar. antied, or assigned by the said Joel Hester to the said Singer Manufacturing Company,) then this obligation to be void, but otherwise to remain in full force and effect." The petition alleges a breach of the condition of the bond, in that defendant Joel Hester did contract. certain debts to
SINGER MANUF'G CO.
v.
HESTER.
805
plaintiff, which he failed to pay. The answer an4 amended answer allege that on the sixteenth day of May, 1872, the plaintiff and defendant Joel Hester entered into a written by which said Hester was appointed agent for plaintiff for the sale of sewing machines in and for the county of Holt, in the state of Missouri, said machines to be purchased of the company at Chicago, at!l' discount of 80 per cent. from Chicago retail prices, and to be paid for in notes payable not more than six months from their date; that said agreement was the only consideration for the execution of the bond sued on, and was part of the same transaction. It is further alleged that on the first day of May, 1878, there was a settlement between the company and its said agent under the agreement aforesaid, and that said agreement was cancelled; and on the said first day of May, 1878, a duly-authorized agent of said company made and entered into a new and different agreement with Joel Hester, again appointing him agent for said' company for said county, and by this second agreement the machines were to be consigned to the agent, and not sold to him, (as under the former agreement;) that the second agreement greatly changed, altered, and increased the agent's duties, the terms of the payments and liabilities, without the consent of the sureties on said bond, whereby they were released. These several agreements are set out in full in the answer. To the original answer, embodied the foregoing allegations, a demurrer was interposed by plaintiff, and the same was sustained by the court. Therefore the defendant answered further as follows: "And for further defence defendants Bay that on the first day of May, 1878, said plaintiff and said defendant Joel Hester entered into a new agreement with respect to the matters contained in the writing obligatory set out in plaintiff's petition, and that, in consideration of said new agreement, and that defendant Joel Hester would execute and enter into the same, the plaintiff agreed to and did release defendants from any further liability on said writing obligatory, and did then and there terminate and rescind the same; and defendants aver that no part of the indebtedness
806
FEDERAL REPORTEr..
of said Joel Hester to plaintiff was contraoted before the said writing was rescinded. Upon this alleg:tfion issue was joined, and, after the testimony'was all in on both sides, the court instructed the jury to find for plaintiff. A motion is now made for a new trial upon the ground that the demurrer to the original answer was improperly sustained, and upon the further ground that the issue joined upon the amendment above quoted should have been left to the jury. This motion has been considered by the full bench, at the request of .J udga Krekel, who presided at the trial. Botsford et Williams and Mack J. Leaming, for plaintiff. L. H. Waters and James Limbird, for defendants. MCCRARY, C. J. 1. It is insisted that the bond sued on, and the original contract by which defendant Joel Hester was appointed as agent for plaintiff to sell sewing machines, were entered into at one and the same time, and are parts of the same transaction, and that therefore they should be construed together as constituting one contract, and it is said that, being so construed, the liability of the obligors upon the bond should be limited to the transactions embraced within the contract. That the two instruments were intended to be and were parts of the same transaction, does not appear from anything contained in either. So far as we can gather from the contents of the papers themselves, they were separate, distinct, and independent. It is more than doubtful whether, in such a case, it can be shown by parol that the parties intended anything more or less than appears from the terms of the writing. If, however, it were com· petent in this way to explain this writing, it certainly would be a violation of long-settled rules to admit parol proof to add to or vary the terms of the written instrument, and this was in effect what was attempted. The bond binds the obligors "to pay, or cause to be paid, any and every indebtedness or liability now existing, or which may hereafter in any manner exist, or be incurred, on the part of said Joel Hester to the said the Singer Manufacturing Company." Th'l contract con· tains nl'thing to the contrary of this. The effect is, there.
SINGER MANUF'G Cu.
HESTBB.
.807
fore, to show by parol that which is in' contradiction of the bond, viz.: that it was to secure, not all debts contracted by Hester of any and every kind, past orluture, as it plainly says, but only to secure such as might grow out of the contract of agency. To admit such proof would be to vary by parol the terms of a written instrument. Bush v. Bank, 101 U. S. 93; Sewing Machine Co. v. Webster, 47 Iowa, 357 i Ins. Co. v. SedfJwick, 110 Mass. 163; Frank v. Edwards, 8 Exch. 214. 2. Even if we read the two instruments together as one con· tract, the terms of the bonds are not varied or modified. The two instruments can stand together, ahd the provisions of each can have full effect. Because in the contract Hester was appointed agent for plaintiff, with aertlloin powers, duties, rights, and liabilities, it does not follow that it was not the purpose to make the bond sufficiently comprehensive in its terms to cover that as well as other transactions. The terms of the bond are too plain to be misunderstood. They are not and, in the absence of an allegation of fraud, accident, or mistake, we must give them effect according to their usual and ordinary acceptation. It follows, from these considerations, that the demurrer to the original answer was properly sustained. 3. It only remains to consider the question whether the instruction given by the court to the jury to find for plaintiff was proper. It is insisted by defendant's counsel that the question whether the plaintiff agreed to rescind the bond in consideration of the execution of the second contract by the agent,Hester, should have been submitted to the jury. There was testimony tending to show that an agent of plaintiff was present at the time of the execution of the second agreement between the company and Hester, and that he expressed the opinion that the effect of it would be to release the sureties of the bond. There was no testimony tending to show that the agent agreed or stipulated that the sureties should be released, nor was there any testimony tending to show that he had any authority from the company to make such an agreement The expression by the plain.
808
FEDERAu REPORTER.
tiff's agent of the opinion that the legal effect of the .utlW agreement would be to release the sureties on the bond, did not (especially if ri,ot acted upon by the sureties so as to change their legal rights) amount to a release. There was, therefore, no evidence upon which a verdict for the defendf!.nts could have been sustained. In such a case an instruction to the jury to find for the plaintiff is proper. Pleasant v. Faut,22 Wall. 116. The motion for a new trial is overruled. KREKEL, D. J., concurs.
VARY.< v. NORTON and others. (Circuit (Jourt, W. D. Michigan, 8. D. January 15,1881. 1. PROMISSORY NOTE-PRINCIPAL AND SURETY.
Where A., B., and C. are joint and several makers of a promissory note, and after its execution and delivery A. agrees with B. ann C. to pay the note, the relation of principal and surety arises between the parties. 2. SAME-SAME-PAROL EvIDENCE.
Parol evidence of such agreement' is admissible, and does not tend to contradict the written contract, but shows the changed relation between the makers. 3. SAME-SAME-ExTENSION OF
TIME OF PAYMENT. If the holder, with notice of such agreement, for a valuable con-
sideration, extend the time of payment of the note for a definite period, the sureties, B. and C., are thereby discharged. 4. SAME-SAME-SAME-PAYMENT OF USURIOUS CoNSIDERATION.
The payment of a certain sum of money for the extension of time, though regarded as a payment of usurious interest, constitutes a valuable consideration under the statute of Michigan.
Assumpsit. Trial before the Court. Simonds d; Fletcher, for plaintiff. G. Ohase Godwin, for defendants Norton and Lee. R. W. Butterfield and J. W. Ohamplin, for defendant King. WITHEY, D. J. The suit is upon a promissory note. Defendants Norton, Lee, and King defend. Judgment by default against all the other defendants. King pleads sepa·