¶1The ruling of the court, by which the defendant was precluded from introducing evidence to show that the plaintiff had been in the habit of harboring persons reputed to be thieves, and that he knew they were so reputed, was correct.
¶2If such has been the fact, the plaintiff’s general reputation must be bad, and the defendant may have the full benefit of it upon the general inquiry ; but evidence of particular facts, not immediately connected with the charge, such as who have, or have not, been inmate* *415with the plaintiff, and the reputation of those persons, he cannot be supposed to have come prepared to show in this suit.
¶3In East of Leicester v. Walter, 2 Camp. 251, evidence was admitted to prove that there was a general suspicion of the plaintiff’s character and habits, and that it was generally rumored that such a charge had been brought against him. And in - v. Moor, 1 Mau. & Sel. 284, the defendant was permitted to enquire whether there were not reports that the plaintiff had been guilty of similar practices.
¶4Evidence of a similar nature was admitted in Hyde v. Bailey, 3 Conn. Rep. 466, and in Treat v. Browning & wife, 4 Conn. 408, in the last case, however, only as evidence of character, in relation to the subject matter of the charge.
¶5These decisions have been questioned in subsequent cases, and it may well deserve consideration how iar even the latter can be supported. 8 Wendell, 579, Gilman v. Lowell; ditto, 602, Inman v. Foster; 4 Wendell, 659, Mapes v. Weeks; 5 Cowen, 499, Matson v. Buck; 7 Cowen, 613—631, Root v. King.
¶6However this may be, authorities are numerous to prove that the defendant is not confined to evidence of character founded upon matters of the same nature as that specified iu the charge, as for instance, to evidence of the plaintiff’s character as a thief, whereas in this case the charge was theft; but he may give in evidence the general bad character of the plaintiff, not by way of justification, but in mitigation of damages, and for this enqui-ry the plaintiff roust stand prepared. 2 Stark. Evid. 369, 878; 1 Phil. Evid. 140 [146]; Starkie on Slander, 409; 6 Mass. 518, Wolcott v. Hall; 14 Mass. 279, Ross v. Lapham; 3 Pick. 376, Bodwell v. Swan & wife; 2 Cowen, 811, Paddock v. Salisbury.
¶7The principle upon whicht. he decisions proceed, is, that a person of disparaged fame is not entitled to the same *416measure of damages, for any particular charge calculated to affect reputation, as a person whose character was previously unblemished ; because a character of the first description is not susceptible of the same degree of injury as the other, or may perhaps be “so bad as to be incapable of receiving injury.”
¶8We see no objection to this principle, and as the defendant was precluded from introducing evidence of bad character, generally, there must be a
¶9New trial.