J. E. Bernard & Co. v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
1968
Citation profile
1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 13 later decisions — most recently January 1991
1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Pitney-Bowes, Inc. v. United States · Victoria Distributors, Inc. v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 13 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It appears from these definitions that the term “appliance” is a broad one encompassing tools, instruments, devices, contrivances, machines, mechanisms, and almost anything applied for a particular purpose. However, when coupled with the adjective “mechanical,” it cannot mean everything that is applied or used but must be limited to items which employ mechanical means. Whether or not the term has precisely the same meaning as the word “machine,” it must denote an article closely akin to a machine. * * *”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“* * . Anything through or by which something is effected or accomplished, or which appertains or is essential to the conduct, course, or operation of a particular thing * * . The act of applying, putting to use, or carrying into operation; application; as the appliance of a principal. * * * Syn: agency, arrangement, contrivance, instrument, machine, means, mechanism, tool.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“1. Of, involving, or having to do with the construction, operation, design, etc., of machinery or tools: a mechanical engineer. 2. Operated or produced by a machine. 3. Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with the science of mechanics. 4. Made or performed as if by a machine; * * *.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.