United States v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
60 F.3d 595 · 1995
Citation profile
46 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 85 later decisions — most recently November 2025 · most notably United States v. Aguilar-Muniz (1998), United States v. Seesing (2001)
46 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on McCarthy v. United States · Lord Electric Co. v. United States · Alder v. United States · United States v. Houser · United States v. Bruce
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 85 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[B]ecause a guilty plea is an admission of all the elements of a formal criminal charge, it cannot be truly voluntary unless the defendant possesses an understanding of the law in relation to the facts.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[b]efore accepting a plea of guilty ... [to] address the defendant personally in open court and inform the defendant of, and determine that the defendant understands, ... the nature of the charge to which the plea is offered....”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The harmless error clause of Rule 11 permits us to uphold guilty pleas only when there has been 'a minor or technical violation of Rule 11.'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.